Robert Owen

 

Author: Robert Owen, A New View of Society

 

Prior Knowledge: He believed that individuals are holly formed by their government, education, the crucial factors in transformaing them.

 

Audience: This was more for people of London specifically for cedell and Davis Strand.

 

Reaason: He wrote this pamphlet to share his ideas of individuals and the way their were shaped.

David Walker

Author: David Walker, Appeak to the colored citzens of the world

Prior Knowledge: Afree African American who wrote a pamphlet and sold 30 copies for the first edition. Who lived in Boston and was also an abolistonist.

Audience: The audience was African American to provide them the difference of being free and enslaved.

Reason: He wrote this pamphlet because he wanted to remind the people their natural rights declared on the Decleration of Independance.

 

Johnson vs. M'Intosh

 

                 The Johnson vs. M'Intosh, about  two non Native American groups claimed title to land in Illinois. Johnson argueing that the land was legualy his becuase he had inherited a tract of land from his father, who bought the land from the Piankeshaw Indians. Making the arguement that Johnsons ansestors had boughten the land and the legually he was inherted it and that for that matter the land was rightfully his. That no random person can just come and take possesion of the land when clearly the land was rightfully owned by himself. Fact being that Johnson did not know that M'Intosh had a legual paper saying that the land was owned by William M'Intosh making him the rightful owner.

 

                  The argument that was present by M'Intosh that  private citizens could not purchase lands from Native American. Therefore the land title that was legaul and had every document present correctly was M'Intosh, so he believed. When in In fact, the two parcels did not overlap at all. Therefore, there was evidence that the parties were aware the tracts did not overlap and purposely misrepresented the facts to the court in order to obtain a ruling.

 

              This was a very important and eye opening case for the Marshall Court. Reason being that  Marshall's prosaic and eminently quotable opinion lays down the foundations of the doctrine of aboriginal title in the United States, and the related discovery doctrine. All that the opinion holds with respect to aboriginal title is that it is inalienable, a principle that remains well-established law in nearly all common law jurisdictions. Johnson has been a staple of federal and state cases related to Native American land title.

 



Cherokee Nation vs. State of Georgia 

             Before the State of Georgia said that they wanted to go to trial with the Cherokee Nation because Georgia felt that the Cherokee Nation should not be consider a nation. Georgia argued, in order to be  nation you first have to be independent something Georgia felt they the Cherokee's were not. During the time the Cherokee's were on Georgia's "Soil"something that the state was really up against because they said that the cherokees should most defiantly not be consider citizens. Their natives and thats how they should be looked like. None the little did Georgia know that the Cherokee were announced a nation by the United States. The United States had treaties among each other and that something Georgia had no jurisdiction. 

             When presenting the cast, the court automatically said their was no case that should be present because Georgia could not go against any treaties that are made under the laws of following the constitution. When going against the Law; Article 3 section 2: the laws of the United State and treaties made between citizens of the same state claiming land under grants of different states, and between a state, or the citizens thereof, and foreign states citizens or subject. The argument used by the Cherokee's to defend their side of the argument that the State of Georgia could not go up against and interfere with the treaties that were made. 

             This case was important not just in Georgia but also in the United States because laws were being present and sometimes even passed when some of the laws that were being made were going against the United States Constitution. This case was not won nor lost because their was not case that they felt was power and that their was something that should be argued and that should have a defiant decision if the Cherokees should stay in Gerogia or not.  

 

The Atlantic slave trade or trans-atlantic slave trade took place across the Atlantic ocean from the 16th through to the 19th centuries. Most of the of slaves transported to the New World were Africans from the central and western parts of the continent.  The numbers were so great that Africans who came by way of the slave trade became the most numerous old-world immigrants in both North and South America. The first Africans imported to the English colonies were also called “indentured servants”.  They were merchandise or units of labor, and were sold at markets with other goods and services.



 

The French and Indian war is also known as the 7 year war. The war was fought primarily between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France.The name refers to the two main enemies of the British colonists: the royal French forces and the various Native American forces allied with them. But thr name that most historian perfer to call the war is "Anglo-French rivalry", because it wasnt just the French and Indian it was Britian as well. The war was fought along the frontiers separating New France from the British colonies from Virginia to Nova Scotia. 

 

The Great Awakening

 

-The First Great Awakening began in the 1720s and lasted to about 1750. Ministers from various evangelical Protestant denominations supported the Great Awakening. one of the preachers being Jonathan Edwards, one of the major preachers. Causeing pastoral styles to change.

-The Second Great Awakening was a religious revival that occurred in the United States beginning in the late eighteenth century and lasted until the middle of the nineteenth century. The second great awakening was strong in the north and midwest,also noteworthy to point out that this awakening was unique in that it moved beyond the educated elite of New England to those that were less wealthy and less educated. 

 

                                 The Enlightenment

          The Enlightenment are ideas from philosophers like John Locke, Thomas Hobbs, Baron de Mantesque, and Jean-Jacque Rousseau; just some philosophers that contributed to the idea. The idea that everyone is born with natural rights and that they can not just be given to certain people. Also that the government should be divided into three branches: 1)legislative 2)excutive 3)judicial, because having one ruler, he can become corrupted and take advantiage of the situation and make the country broke and in risk. So, the Enlightenment gave that sort of organization you can say to make the government perspective a more organized and controlled environment to keep order and for the world not to turn corrupt.

John Rolfe and Pocahontas

Name is John Rolfe, I am one of the first English settlers to step foot in North America. Many people can say that i can be arragent but i call it being confident and but having to be hard headed in order to accomplish what i have done. Being the first succsessful cultivationist of tobacco, also being the first to export it to the colony of Virginia. I married the lovely beautiful Pocahontas, also many may say that she was forced to marry me, but we fell in love after her helping me and my exploration: she would translate within tribes. Although, spain had said they would kill anyone that would have seeds to grow tabacco, especailly being non-spainsh, that still did not stop be from trading and making money out of growing and selling tabacco. With my cultivation it helped export cash crop that helped make the Virginia Colony profitable. I was a big impact in history that i got a road named after myself, "The John Rolfe Road".

 The Crow a Native American tribe that orginated in along the Missouri River in North Dakota. They were called or named the Crow because it translation of their Indian name that actually meant 'Sparrowhawk' or 'Bird People'. They were people with their own religion of sharing animals but they were also their only salvation. The Crows would hunt buffalos and use every part of the baffalo, the skin as clothing, meat for food, and the bones for hair accsesories or to be used as weapons or to contructed tepees. The Crows were really know for their ability of being able to contructed very big and confterable tepees for their servival. They wouldnt also just hunt baffalos they would also hunt, sheeps and deers. But their religion or believe didnt let them waist any part of the animal because hunting an animal was something sacrit. The Crows are very power and are very united with in their own tribe, they are very protective of eachother and would support one another. Being a member of The Native American Tribe "The Crows" is something meaningful for them because you need to honor they code of being protectful of one another.

5. indicate the similarities and differences among the southern colonies of Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia.

           Smilarities unite and differences seperate, when it comes Virgina, Maryland, South and North Carolina, primariy factor were plantations. The plantations were used to grow tabacco because tabacco was commonly grown everywhere, but South Carolinas also grew a lot of rice and indigo.  The use of slaves to maintain plantations was common throughout the region, black slaves was very common during the time and they were brought to mantain the land working long hours under the heat. There were, however, differences. Maryland had a large Catholic contingent for example. Georgia was more of a wilderness and less developed than colonies farther north. Viriginia was more focused on westward expansion while North and South Carolina stayed closer to the coast.

3. describe the cultural and social changed that Indian communities underwent in response to English colonization.
   
     The first English colony was established at Jamestown, Virginia.  Harsh conditions, aversion to work, and Indian hostility nearly caused it to fail. Indians cultural conditions went down hill from the moment England colonized, they would live in the worst conditions, being used as slaves to just be put in horriable and hard work. Indian societiest underwent their own substantial changes as a result of warfare, disease, and trade. Their meal diet wasnt the most healthiest nore the most tastiest, having to eat dogs, cats, rats, and including humans, causing the spread of diesease (diesease as yellow fever and malaria) and their death for that matter. Indian sustains werent the best but they had to stay strong in order to survive because life was all they had to look forward too.

1. state the facts that led England to begin colonization.

         When the New World was discovered in 1492, England was not a particularly large or powerful nation. It did not have a singificant navy or sailing fleet compared to later centuries.  Much of the time was spent destroying the Catholic Church in England. English seemed content to make money as pirates and privateers, plundering Spanish treasure ships coming back from the New World. In 1588, after the defeat of the Spanish Armada, England for the first time was recognized as a serious naval power. Giving England the freedom and opportunity of being able to cross to the Atlantic and imidently over throwning America and taking over. giving England the chance of being colonized and being powerful.


 

2. describe the orgin and development of the major indian cultures of the americas.

         The orgian of major indian cultures like the Iroquois traced desent of the female line. Alot of the indain tribes where moves by the congress when they began to enter turf that didnt belong to them and that was inhabited by the indians. The U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, authorizing the government to relocate most Native Americans from their homelands east of the Mississippi River to the West, to accommodate European-American expansion from the coastal United States. Some of their development where used to others convines never to their own advantge, their hard work and commiment to work for the art of food was used for others to eat, they were just used to what is called the "hard labor", they would even be sold and shipped to other places to be putted in lands to just work and work. Major indians where transported to other places diconnecting them with their roots of home and their own special way of life without causing any harm to anyone or disturbing anyone.

4. explain the changes and conflicts that occured when the diverse worlds of Europe, Africa, and The Americas collided after 1492.

         The changes between the three countries where extrem for the reason it was three different cultures and three different types of people clashing to one. No European had ever stepped onto the American continent prior to Christopher arrival in 1942. Coming to a different turf of strangers and strange things and ways of living and people for that matter. Conflicts started be converted to, Christopher encountered during is voyage was that he had mistaken the East Indies and therefore mistook the people as "Indians.'' The clashing of the three different worlds came with its own person risk, diseases where being spread among each other; for example, smallpox, yellow fever, malaria. disease that were malignant just killing everyone who would carry this diseasethe disease where so strong and malignant that more then 90% of the indian population were dying due to the consuques of the spreading of the disease, and how powerful it was.

1. describe the geological and geographical conditions that set the stage of North American history. 

        The Great Ice Age created a land bridge that connected Eurasia with North America allowing nomads to come over. The bridge is said occurred an estimated 35,000 years ago. Being used as a tool or source to cut acrose, Eurasia and North america, making it easier for the people to also spread to Central, North, and South America. But when the ice started melting, sea level began to rose causin the sealing of the bridge. When the bridge was sealed making it impossable for it to be us to go acrose or to even come back, populating the continent to what is known as The Americas.

Historical Figure

      My favorite historical figure of freshmen year was King Louis, because he was very powerful and even thought he wasn't liked by many people he actually made it to king and was able to manipulate the people and was powerful and stayed on the thrown for many years.